Mandatory Palestine was a geopolitical entity under British administration, carved out of Ottoman Southern Syria after World War I. British civil administration in Palestine operated from 1920 until 1948. During its existence the territory was known simply as Palestine, but, in later years, a variety of other names and descriptors have been used, including Mandatory or Mandate Palestine, the British Mandate of Palestine and British Palestine.
During the First World War (1914–18), an Arab uprising and the British Empire's Egyptian Expeditionary Force under General Edmund Allenby drove the Turks out of the Levant during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. The United Kingdom had agreed in the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence that it would honour Arab independence if they revolted against the Ottomans, but the two sides had different interpretations of this agreement, and in the end the UK and France divided up the area under the Sykes–Picot Agreement—an act of betrayal in the eyes of the Arabs. Further confusing the issue was the Balfour Declaration of 1917, promising British support for a Jewish "national home" in Palestine. At the war's end the British and French set up a joint "Occupied Enemy Territory Administration" in what had been Ottoman Syria. The British achieved legitimacy for their continued control by obtaining a mandate from the League of Nations in June 1922. The formal objective of the League of Nations Mandate system was to administer parts of the defunct Ottoman Empire, which had been in control of the Middle East since the 16th century, "until such time as they are able to stand alone.". The civil Mandate administration was formalized with the League of Nations' consent in 1923 under the British Mandate for Palestine, which covered two administrative areas. The land west of the Jordan River, known as Palestine, was under direct British administration until 1948. The land east of the Jordan, a semi-autonomous region known as Transjordan, under the rule of the Hashemite family from the Hijaz, gained independence in 1946.
During the British Mandate period the area experienced the ascent of two major nationalist movements, one among the Jews and the other among the Arabs. The competing national interests of the Arab and Jewish populations of Palestine against each other and against the governing British authorities matured into the Arab Revolt of 1936–1939 and the Jewish insurgency in Palestine before culminating in the Civil War of 1947–1948. The aftermath of the Civil War and the consequent 1948 Arab–Israeli War led to the establishment of the 1949 cease-fire agreement, with partition of the former Mandatory Palestine between the newborn state of Israel with a Jewish majority, the Arab West Bank annexed by the Jordanian Kingdom and the Arab All-Palestine Government in the Gaza Strip under the protectorate of Egypt.
British Palestine initially used the Egyptian Pound, which replaced the Ottoman Lira. In 1927 a separate currency board was founded which introduced the Palestine Pound at par with the British Pound, but decimalised into 1000 Mils. The Palestine Pound was also used in Transjordan, a British-supported emirate in what is now Jordan. The Palestine Pound is the preceding currency of both the Israeli Lira (later Shekel) and the Jordanian Dinar.
1 Mil, KM#1
فلسطين
PALESTINE
(פלשתינה (א"י
1942
١٩٤٢
Rev : Value in Hebrew, English and Arabic divided by olive branch
Lettering :
מיל • ONE MIL • مل
1 ١
Details :
Smooth Edge
KM#1
Schön# 1
100 Mils, KM#7
Obv : Palestine in Hebrew, English and Arabic around an olive branch with the date in English and Arabic on either side of the branch
Lettering : (פלשתינה (א"י • PALESTINE • فلسطين
1931 ١٩٣١
Rev : Value in Hebrew, English and Arabic
Lettering :
מאה מיל • ONE HUNDRED MILS • ماية مل •
100
١٠٠
Details :
Milled Edge
KM#7
Schön# 7
References :
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine
- Standard Catalog of World Coins - Krause Publication
