The State of India (Portuguese: Estado da Índia), also referred as the Portuguese State of India (Estado Português da Índia, EPI) or simply Portuguese India (Índia Portuguesa), was a state of the Portuguese Overseas Empire, founded six years after the discovery of a sea route between Portugal and the Indian Subcontinent to serve as the governing body of a string of Portuguese fortresses and colonies overseas.
The first viceroy, Francisco de Almeida, established his headquarters in Cochin (Cochim, Kochi). Subsequent Portuguese governors were not always of viceroy rank. After 1510, the capital of the Portuguese viceroyalty was transferred to Goa. Until the 18th century, the Portuguese governor in Goa had authority over all Portuguese possessions in the Indian Ocean, from southern Africa to southeast Asia. In 1752 Mozambique got its own separate government and in 1844 the Portuguese Government of India stopped administering the territory of Macau, Solor and Timor, and its authority was confined to the colonial holdings on the Malabar coast of present-day India.
At the time of the British Indian Empire's dissolution in 1947, Portuguese India was subdivided into three districts located on modern-day India's western coast, sometimes referred to collectively as Goa. These were Goa, Daman (Portuguese: Damão), which included the inland enclaves of Dadra and Nagar Haveli; and Diu. Portugal lost effective control of the enclaves of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in 1954, and finally the rest of the overseas territory in December 1961, when it was taken by India after military action. In spite of this, Portugal only recognised Indian control in 1975, after the Carnation Revolution and the fall of the Estado Novo regime.
The first viceroy, Francisco de Almeida, established his headquarters in Cochin (Cochim, Kochi). Subsequent Portuguese governors were not always of viceroy rank. After 1510, the capital of the Portuguese viceroyalty was transferred to Goa. Until the 18th century, the Portuguese governor in Goa had authority over all Portuguese possessions in the Indian Ocean, from southern Africa to southeast Asia. In 1752 Mozambique got its own separate government and in 1844 the Portuguese Government of India stopped administering the territory of Macau, Solor and Timor, and its authority was confined to the colonial holdings on the Malabar coast of present-day India.
At the time of the British Indian Empire's dissolution in 1947, Portuguese India was subdivided into three districts located on modern-day India's western coast, sometimes referred to collectively as Goa. These were Goa, Daman (Portuguese: Damão), which included the inland enclaves of Dadra and Nagar Haveli; and Diu. Portugal lost effective control of the enclaves of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in 1954, and finally the rest of the overseas territory in December 1961, when it was taken by India after military action. In spite of this, Portugal only recognised Indian control in 1975, after the Carnation Revolution and the fall of the Estado Novo regime.
⅛ Tanga - Luíz I, KM#307
Lettering :
LUDOVICUS.I.PORTUG: ET.ALGARB: REX
.1881.
Rev : Crown above denomination in words
Lettering :
INDIA PORTUGUEZA
OITAVO
. DE TANGA .
Details :
Calcutta mint
KM#307
AG#L1 09.01
¼ Tanga - Luíz I, KM#308
Lettering :
LUDOVICUS.I.PORTUG: ET.ALGARB: REX
.1881.
Rev : Crown above denomination in words
Lettering :
INDIA PORTUGUEZA
QUARTO
. DE TANGA .
Details :
Calcutta mint
KM#308
AG#L1 10.01
1 Rupia - Luíz I, KM#312
Lettering :
LUDOVICUS.I.PORTUG: ET.ALGARB: REX
.1881.
Rev : Portuguese coat of arms
Lettering :
INDIA PORTUGUEZA
. UMA RUPIA .
Details :
Calcutta mint
KM#312
AG#L1 14.01
⅛ Tanga - Carlos I, KM#14
Lettering :
CARLOS I REI DE PORTUGAL
MCMIII (1903)
Rev : Portuguese coat of arms
Lettering :
INDIA PORTUGUESA
1/8 TANGA
Details :
Lisboa mint
KM#14
AG#C1 02
¼ Tanga - Carlos I, KM#15
Lettering :
CARLOS I REI DE PORTUGAL
MCMI (1901)
Rev : Portuguese coat of arms
Lettering :
INDIA PORTUGUESA
1/4 TANGA
Details :
Lisboa mint
KM#15
AG#C1 03.01
½ Tanga - Carlos I, KM#16
Lettering :
CARLOS I REI DE PORTUGAL
MCMI (1901)
Rev : Portuguese coat of arms
Lettering :
INDIA PORTUGUESA
1/2 TANGA
Details :
Lisboa mint
KM#16
AG#C1 04.01
1 Rupia - Carlos I, KM#17
Lettering :
CARLOS I REI DE PORTUGAL
1904
Rev : Portuguese coat of arms
Lettering :
INDIA PORTUGUESA
UMA RUPIA
Details :
Lisboa mint
KM#17
AG#C1 05
1 Rupia, KM#18
Lettering :
REPUBLICA PORTUGUESA
1912
Rev : Wreath
Lettering :
INDIA
*
UMA
RUPIA
V.A.
Details :
Reeded edge.
KM#18
AG#R 09
½ Rupia, KM#23
Lettering :
ESTADO DA INDIA
½ Rupia
Rev : Shield on lined circle at center of Maltese Cross
Lettering :
REPUBLICA PORTUGUESA
1936
Details :
KM#23
AG#R 07.01
1 Rupia, KM#22
Lettering :
ESTADO DA INDIA
1 Rupia
Rev : Shield on lined circle at center of Maltese Cross
Lettering :
REPUBLICA PORTUGUESA
1935
Details :
KM#22
AG#R 10.01
1 Rupia, KM#22
Lettering :
ESTADO DA INDIA
1 Rupia
Rev : Shield on lined circle at center of Maltese Cross
Lettering :
REPUBLICA PORTUGUESA
1935
Details :
KM#22
AG#R 10.01
30 Centavos, KM#31
Lettering :
ESTADO·DA·INDIA
1958
Rev : Lettering :
REPUBLICA·PORTUGUESA
30
CENTAVOS
Details :
Smooth edge.
KM#31
AG#R 14.01
Schön#19
30 Centavos, KM#31
Lettering :
ESTADO·DA·INDIA
1959
Rev : Lettering :
REPUBLICA·PORTUGUESA
30
CENTAVOS
Details :
Smooth edge.
KM#31
AG#R 14.02
Schön#19
1 Escudo, KM#33
Lettering :
ESTADO·DA·INDIA
1$00
Rev : Shield on lined circle at center of Maltese Cross
Lettering :
REPUBLICA·PORTUGUESA
1958
Details :
Smooth edge.
KM#33
AG#R 16.01
Schön#21
1 Escudo, KM#33
Lettering :
ESTADO·DA·INDIA
1$00
Rev : Shield on lined circle at center of Maltese Cross
Lettering :
REPUBLICA·PORTUGUESA
1959
Details :
Smooth edge.
KM#33
AG#R 16.02
Schön#21
1 Escudo, KM#33
Lettering :
ESTADO·DA·INDIA
1$00
Rev : Shield on lined circle at center of Maltese Cross
Lettering :
REPUBLICA·PORTUGUESA
1959
Details :
Smooth edge.
KM#33
AG#R 16.02
Schön#21
3 Escudos, KM#34
Lettering :
ESTADO·DA·INDIA
3$00
Rev : Shield on lined circle at center of Maltese Cross
Lettering :
REPUBLICA·PORTUGUESA
1958
Details :
Smooth edge.
KM#34
AG#R 17.01
Schön#22
3 Escudos, KM#34
Lettering :
ESTADO·DA·INDIA
3$00
Rev : Shield on lined circle at center of Maltese Cross
Lettering :
REPUBLICA·PORTUGUESA
1959
Details :
Smooth edge.
KM#34
AG#R 17.02
Schön#22
References :
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_India
- Standard Catalog of World Coins - Krause Publication
- Moedas Portuguesas by Alberto Gomes
- Weltmünzkatalog by Gerhard Schön, Günter Schön
